Forest-Trees in Orkney

Species Diversity of Trees and Forest Floor Plants in Oriental beech Forest Types of Shastkalate Educational and Research Forest, Gorgan)

Trees are the most important biological elements of forest ecosystems. The variability of the tree species composition inhabiting in the Oriental beech forest, not only forms different forest types but also has a remarkable impact on the species diversity of forest floor plants, due to the existence of trees in the overstory layer. In this research, forest types of an an Oriental beech were ide...

Residual trees injury assessment after selective cutting in broadleaf forest in Shafaroud

In the Shafaroud forest, logging operation is generally performed by using selective cutting methods. Chainsaw and cable skidder are two main forest machines for harvesting of this forest. However, forest harvesting operations result in serious residual stand damage during felling, winching and skidding operations in this forest. Residual stand damage resulting from selective cutting was asses...

Genetic analysis of multiple sclerosis in Orkney.

In a family study of all patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) in Orkney, the number of inbred among patients, although high for Britain, is not higher than the number among controls, and the inbreeding coefficients appear to eliminate recessive involvement of rare genes from the aetiology. The kinship coefficients show that the ancestries of patients and controls are closely enmeshed, and elim...

Rodents: food or pests in Neolithic Orkney

Rodents have important effects on contemporary human societies, sometimes providing a source of food but more often as agricultural pests, or as vectors and reservoirs of disease. Skeletal remains of rodents are commonly found in archaeological assemblages from around the world, highlighting their potential importance to ancient human populations. However, there are few studies of the interacti...

Forest Certification & Genetically Engineered Trees: